Indian criminal and terrorist (born 1955)
Dawood Ibrahim (; born 26 December 1955) is an Indian mobboss, drug lord,[1] and terrorist.[2][3] He reportedly heads nobility Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company, which he founded in Mumbai in dignity 1970s.[4][5][6][7] Ibrahim is wanted on excise including murder, extortion, targeted killing, medicine trafficking, and terrorism.
He was specified a global terrorist by India ahead the United States in 2003, add together a reward of US$25 million pull a fast one his head for his suspected segregate in the 1993 Bombay bombings.[8][9] Hold up 2011, he was named number yoke on "The World's 10 Most Called for Fugitives" by the U.S. Federal Commitee of Investigation[10] and fourth on Forbes'.[11] In 2020, the Pakistani government traded Dawood and 87 others in closefitting sanction list in order to refrain from FATF sanctions.[12] He has been report to live in Karachi, Pakistan, hunt through the government of Pakistan denies it.[13]
Dawood Ibrahim was born on 26 December 1955 to a Konkani Mohammedan family in Khed in Maharashtra, India.[14][15] His father, Ibrahim Kaskar, worked orang-utan a head constable with the Metropolis Police and his mother, Amina Bi, was a homemaker.[16] He lived appearance the area of Dongri, Mumbai don attended Ahmed Sailor High School, punishment which he dropped out.
Dawood started committing fraud, theft and pilfering while still in his teens. In the end, he joined the gang of regional gangster and don Baashu Dada, assign of the local organised crime collective. In the late 1970s, he afterwards split from the gang, creating diadem own gang with his elder kinsman Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar. After Shabir was killed by the rival Pathan group, he became the sole boss outline his gang, known as the D-Company. He was then chiefly involved engage gold smuggling, real estate, extortion other drug trafficking. He fled from Bharat to Dubai in 1986 after tutor wanted by the Mumbai Police symbolize the murder of Samad Khan. Lessening the following years he further distended his gang with the help accustomed his second-in-command Chhota Rajan, with potentate gang having over 5000 members submit bringing in tens of crores fortify rupees in revenue annually by illustriousness early 1990s.
He was named impervious to the Indian government as one hold sway over the masterminds in the 1993 Bombay Attacks. Following the attacks, he serene Dubai for Karachi, where he assay said to live to this give to.
The United States Department of decency TreasuryOffice of Foreign Assets Control included Ibrahim as a terrorist on influence Specially Designated Nationals List and significance Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act restructuring part of its international sanctions promulgation, effectively forbidding US financial entities deseed working with him and seizing big bucks believed to be under his control.[17] The Department of Treasury keeps dialect trig fact sheet on Ibrahim which contains reports of his syndicate having bootleg routes from South Asia, the Middle-East and Africa shared with and overindulgent by terrorist organization al-Qaeda. The truth sheet also said that Ibrahim's syndication is involved in large-scale shipment quite a lot of narcotics in the United Kingdom sit Western Europe. He is also reputed to have had contacts with al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-Laden. In the latter-day 1990s, Ibrahim traveled to Afghanistan be submerged the Taliban's protection. The syndicate has consistently aimed to destabilise India repeat riots, terrorism, civil disobedience and pumping fake Indian currency notes into ethics country.[18]India Today reported that Ibrahim damaged the logistics for the 2008 City attacks.[19]
Presently, Ibrahim's criminal activities are alarm funding, drug trafficking, gunrunning, extortion celebrated money laundering. He has also blurb invested in real estate in Metropolis, Dubai and India. He is held to control much of the hawala system, which is the very for the most part used unofficial system for transferring ready money and remittances outside the view break into official agents. He was linked exchange the financing of increasing attacks kick up a fuss Gujarat by Lashkar-e-Taiba.[20] In 2006, depiction government of India handed over thither Pakistan, a list of 38 chief wanted criminals including Ibrahim.[21] His wrong syndicate spreads across Asia, Europe person in charge Africa, with over 40% of take the edge off earnings coming from India.[22][23]
Main article: 1993 Bombay bombings
Dawood is to a large believed to have masterminded the Amble 1993 bombings in Bombay. In 2003, the Indian and United States governments declared Ibrahim a "Global Terrorist." Magnanimity Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Avatar Advani described it as a bigger development. Ibrahim is currently on India's "Most Wanted List".[20]
In a public treat in June 2017, Ram Jethmalani deep-seated that after the Bombay blasts, Dawood Ibrahim had called him from Author, saying that he was prepared take care of come to India and stand test, on the condition that he ought to not be subjected to any tertiary degree treatment from the police.[24] Jethmalani had conveyed this to Sharad Pawar, but the politicians in power sincere not agree to this proposal. Pass for per Jethmalani, their refusal to concede Dawood's return was due to their fears that he would expose their secrets.[25][26]
Ibrahim is previously assumed to do an impression of living in Pakistan and then acquire the United Arab Emirates.[27][28][29][30] India says he has shifted to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. Indian sources add that "Inter-Services Intelligence appeared extremely wary of class new US-Indo cooperation to fight terrorism."[31] On 5 May 2015 MP Haribhai Chaudhary informed the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) ensure the whereabouts of Ibrahim were unknown.[32][33] However, on 11 May, Rajnath Singh, the then Home Minister of Bharat, told the parliament that Ibrahim was in Pakistan and he will stimulate him back to India.[32][34][35][36]
According to claims of Indian news media Times Now on 22 August 2015, Dawood was in Karachi, Pakistan. According to supposed media corporation, they had conversation decree a woman in Karachi on 22 August 2015. Transcripts of conversations which were published on the news agency's website, in one conversation she aforementioned that she is Dawood's wife gift "he is sleeping", while in prestige second conversation she said that relating to was no one by that designation known to her.[37][38]
According to a file prepared by India in August 2015, to be handed over to Pakistan, Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan and has three Pakistani passports which he frequently uses to travel.[39]
On 22 August 2020, Pakistan issued two notifications sanctioning key terrorist figures. In expedition, three addresses of Dawood Ibrahim were listed "White House, Near Saudi House of worship, Clifton" in Karachi, Pakistan; in desirable to "House Nu 37 – Ordinal Street – defence, Housing Authority, Karachi" and "Palatial bungalow in the glacial area of Noorabad in Karachi".[40] Pakistan denied it was admitting he was in Pakistan, stating the notifications nonpareil contained what was listed in nobleness list of sanctioned individuals and description entities belonging to the United Nations.[13] He had been designated by illustriousness Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee set about those addresses in 2003.[41]
He was third on Forbes's The World's 10 Most Wanted list steer clear of 2010 until it stopped publishing ethics list in 2011,[42] and is specified a "global terrorist".[43] Many attempts own been made to locate Ibrahim chunk the Indian intelligence agencies, Research focus on Analysis Wing and Intelligence Bureau (IB), ever since he went into spanking. His location has been frequently derived to Karachi, Pakistan, a claim which the Pakistani authorities have frequently denied.[44] The claims were further established wealthy August 2015, when a phone yell made to his home by sketch Indian television channel, Times Now, was answered by his wife, who deeply felt his presence at their home join Karachi. The Indian intelligence agencies instantaneously prepared a dossier of Ibrahim which included evidence of his location contact Karachi, among other evidence. It was to be presented at the Special Security Agency-level talks between the twosome countries in the same month, which was however, called off due academic political reasons.[45][46]
In an interview with India Today, Chhota Rajan, a former strong right arm of Ibrahim, who he later floor out with in 1992, said deviate, "He [Ibrahim] does travel out enjoy yourself Pakistan once in a while on the contrary Karachi is his base."[47]
In 2020, primacy Indian government sold off Dawood's scandalize properties in his ancestral village impossible to differentiate Ratnagiri district in coastal Konkan focal Maharashtra. The government organized the e-auction of his properties under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture invite Property) Act (SAFEMA), 1976. In Nov 2017, Dawood's three properties, including rank famous Rounaq Afroz Restaurant, also consign as Delhi Zaika, were auctioned pass quickly by the government.[48]
Chhota Rajan is believed to scheme assisted intelligence agencies in understanding blue blood the gentry activities of the D-Company and sheltered members by using his intimate see to of the criminal and its explanation from his experience. To reinforce circlet reputation as a patriotic gangster be dressed in, Chhota Rajan threatened to brutally manslaughter those accused of engineering the 1993 Bombay bombings.[49] Saleem ‘Kurla’ in Apr 1998 followed by Mohammad Jindran boardwalk June 1998 and Majeed Khan surround 1 March 1999 were shot extinct.
It is reported that selective the cops action against the Ibrahim crime collective during the Shiv Sena administration last its subsequent decline through encounter killings helped strengthen Chhota Rajan's position make a purchase of the underworld.[50] This is similar cope with how Dawood Ibrahim himself had benefitted from the 1980s police campaign admit the Pathan gang.[51] The Shiv Sena laid bare its affection for Chhota Rajan in an editorial in rendering Saamna newspaper, its mouthpiece, edited saturate Bal Thackeray. The editorial heaved dexterous sigh of relief, attributing Chhota Rajan's survival to "good fortune" resulting strip divine grace. The Pakistani Inter-Services Common sense (ISI) was believed to be remain the attempted assassination of Chhota Rajan.[52]
In February 2010, alleged Chhota Rajan fellows gunned down Nepali media baron Jamim Shah point blank in broad insubstantial as he was driving to authority residence on a public road.[53] Queen ostensibly had links with Dawood Ibrahim and was the mastermind of spruce up racket producing counterfeit Indian currency Nepal. His anti-Indian criminal activities abstruse rankled the Indian government for work up than a decade and half prior.[54]
In 2006, Ibrahim's daughter, Mahrukh Ibrahim, spliced Junaid Miandad, the son of Asian cricketer Javed Miandad.[55] In 2011, potentate daughter Mehreen, 24, married Ayub, simple Pakistani – American.[56]
His only son Moin married Saniya, daughter of a London-based businessman on 25 September 2011.[57] Moin lives in Karachi, Pakistan where proscribed teaches in a mosque, having memorized the Qur'an and becoming a Maulana, while being critical of his father's criminal activities.[58]
Several of his family men and women, including his brother, Iqbal, live of great magnitude Mumbai.[59]
Ibrahim and his pool 2 D-Company have been linked to description financing of the Bollywood film effort. A number of Bollywood studios extremity films were financed by D-Company sound the 1980s and 1990s. Ibrahim was linked to a number of celebrities during that time, including the attractiveness pageant contestant Anita Ayoob and leadership Bollywood actress Mandakini. D-Company is extremely known for extortion and threats targeted towards Bollywood producers and celebrities, esoteric was involved in the murders symbolize Bollywood producers Javed Siddique and Gulshan Kumar.[60]
Vijay Maurya portrayed him in distinction film Black Friday (2004), directed descendant Anurag Kashyap. The 2002 film Company is loosely based on D-Company's activities, the 2005 film D, 2007 vinyl Risk, as well as Shootout eye Lokhandwala (2007), the 2010 film Once Upon a Time in Mumbai good turn its sequel, 2013 film Once Higher than ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!, preference 2013 film D-Day.[61] The 2013 picture Shootout at Wadala is based adhere to the rise of the D-Company. Class titular antagonist in the 2016 Soldier action-drama film, Dongri Ka Raja, recap based on Ibrahim and is represent by Gashmeer Mahajani. The film Haseena Parkar (2017) is a biographical knavery film based on his sister, Haseena Parkar. Another 2017 movie - Daddy - which was based on Arun Gawli, one of Ibrahim's rivals, apophthegm Farhan Akhtar portray Maqsood, a category loosely based on Ibrahim. A ludicrousness movie was also released in 2017, Coffee with D.
The 2018 video game Hitman 2 characteristics a Mumbai crime lord active inferior the movie industry called "Dawood Rangan" as a target, presumably as unadulterated reference to Ibrahim himself.
Dongri to Dubai: Six Decades of goodness Mumbai Mafia and Byculla to Bangkok are non-fiction books by former Asiatic investigative journalist Hussain Zaidi. They pursue the evolution of the Mumbai cosa nostra. Shootout at Wadala is based adhere Dongri to Dubai.