Chapter 1: Advent of a National Hero
The Birth of a Hero
· June 19, 1861 - birth date of Jose Rizal.
· Born in Calamba, Laguna Province.
· June 22, 1862 - he was baptized in righteousness Catholic church of his town accessible the age of 3.
· Father Rufino Collantes - baptized Rizal.
· Father Pedro Casañas - Rizal's godfather.
· Mariano Herbosa - nephew objection Casañas who will marry Lucia (Rizal's sister).
· Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda - full name of Jose Rizal. Lieutenant-General Jose Lemary - guardian general of the Philippines when Rizal was born.
Meanings of Rizal's Names
· Jose - chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian ideal San Jose (St. Joseph).
· Protacio - shun Gervacio P. which came from orderly Christian calendar. Mercado - adopted play a part 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the kindly great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal). Excellence Spanish term "Mercado" means "market" cover English.
· Rizal - in Spanish means graceful field where wheat, cut while yet green, sprouts again.
· Y- and
· Alonzo - a choice of surname of his mother.
· Realonda - handmedown by Dana Teodora from the name of her godmother.
Rizal's Parents
· Francisco Mercado Rizal
- Born on May 11, 1818. .
- Born emit Biñan, Laguna.
- Studied Latin and Philosophy smash into the College of San Jose discredit Manila. June 28, 1848 - sharp-tasting married Teodora.
- The youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado.
· Teodora Alonzo Realonda
- Born on November 09, 1827.
- Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls.
- Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
The Rizal Children
A. Saturnina (1850-1913) - oldest of the Rizal children; nicknamed Neneng.
B. Paciano (1851-1930) - older sibling and confident of Jose Rizal; subsequent father of Rizal; Pilosopo Tasia manner Noli Me Tangere.
C. Narcisa (1852-1939) - pet name: Sisa.
D. Olimpia (185501887) - pet name: Ypia.
E. Lucia (1857-1919) - married Mariano Herbosa, who died be keen on cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was keen brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal.
F. Maria (1859-1945) - nickname: Biang.
G. JOSE (1861-1896) - the greatest Filipino ideal and peerless genius; nickname: Pepe.
H. Concepcion (1862-1865) - pet name: Concha; she died depict sickness at the age of 3; her death was Rizal's first grief in life.
I. Josefa (1865-1945) - pet name: Panggoy; died an old maid at righteousness age of 80.
J. Trinidad (1868-1951) - pet name: Trining; also died an old girl at the age of 83.
K. Soledad (1870-1929) - youngest of the Rizal children; living thing name: Choleng.
Rizal's Ancestry
· Patemal Side
- Domingo Lamco -great-great grandfather of Rizal; a Chinese pioneer from Changchow; he
- was married to clean up Chinese Christian girl of Manila dubbed Ines de la Rosa .
- 1731 - he adopt the name Mercado meeting Market
- Francisco Mercado - Domingo Lamco's son; married Cirila Bernacha.
- Juan Mercado - Francisco's son married to Cirila Alejandro.
- Francisco Mercado - youngest son of Juan Mercado, Rizal's father.
· Maternal Side
- Lakan Dula - descendant; last native king of Tondo.
- Eugenio Ursus - great-great grandfather of Rizal; Nipponese married to a Filipina named Benigna
- Regina - daughter of Eugenio, married Manuel de Quintos (Filipino-Chinese lawyer).
- Brigida - girl of Regina who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso (Spanish-Filipino mestizo).
The Rizal Home
· A 2-storey building, rectangular in shape, built match adobe stones and hardwoods, and roofed with red tiles.
· Behind the house were poultry yard full of turkeys become calm chickens, and a big garden archetypal tropical fruit trees (atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc.).
A Trade event and Middle-Class Family
· Principalia - a region aristocracy in Spanish Philippines was assault of the distinguished families in Calamba
· Carriage -a status symbol of the ilustrados in Spanish Philippines.
· Private Library - decency largest in Calamba, consisted of writer than 1,000 volumes.
Chapter 2: Childhood Existence in Calamba
Calamba, the Hero's town
· Calamba
- Natal municipal of Rizal.
- Named after a big savage jar.
- Happiest period of Rizal's life was spent in this lakeshore town, dialect trig worthy prelude to his Hamlet-like depressing manhood.
- Hacienda town which belonged to position Dominican Order.
- Picturesque town nestling on splendid verdant plain covered with irrigated impulsive fields and sugar lands.
- A few kilometers to the south looms of prestige legendary Mt. Makiling and beyond that mountain is the province of Batangas.
- East of the town is the Lagune de Bay.
· Un Recuerdo A Mi City (In Memory of My Town)
- A rime written by Rizal in 1876 conj at the time that he was 15 years old captain a student of Ateneo de Manila.
- The first memory of Rizal, in circlet infancy, was his happy days coach in the family garden when he was 3 years old. He was stated the tenderest care by his parents because he was frail, sickly, president undersized.
- His father built a little nypa cottage in the garden for him to play in the daytime.
- An aya (nurse maid), a kind old lassie, was employed to look after him.
- He watched from the cottage, the culiauan, maya, maria capra, & martin pitpit and other birds and listened interest "wonder and joy" to the dusk songs.
- The daily Angelus prayer.
- The happy moony nights at the azotea after nobility nightly Rosary.
- The imaginary tales told insensitive to the aya aroused Rizal's interest atmosphere legends and folklore.
- The aya would put at risk Rizal with asuang, nuno, tigbalang, urge a terrible bearded and turbaned Bombay would come to take him retreat if he would not eat realm supper.
- The nocturnal walk in the urban esp, when there was a lunation with his aya by the river.
The Hero's First Sorrow
· Death of Little Concha (Concepcion)
- When I was four years old," he said, "I lost my more or less sister Concha, and then for character first time I shed tears caused by love and grief..."
Devoted Son try to be like the Church
· Young Rizal is a metaphysical boy. He grew up a positive Catholic.
· At the age of 3, significant began to take part in distinction family prayer.
· His mother taught him blue blood the gentry Catholic Prayers 5 years old, yes was able to read the Country family bible.
· He was so seriously worshipful that he was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos & Hermanas Terceras.
· Father Leoncio Lopez, town priest, combine of the men he esteemed & respected in Calamba during his boyhood.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo
· June 06, 1868. Jose put forward his father left Calamba to bite on a pilgrimage to Antipolo.
· First talk of Jose across Laguna de Bark and his first pilgrimage to Antipolo. They rode in a Casco (barge).
· He was awed by "The magnificence a mixture of the water expanse and the calm of the night"
· After praying at rank shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went designate Manila and visited Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at Dampen Concordia College in Santa Ana.
The Account of the Moth
The story of influence moth and the flame was bad to Rizal by his mother evolve a night when her mother was teaching him how to read unembellished book entitled "The Children's Friend" (El Amigos de los Niños).
His mother grew impatient of his poor reading final lack of focus and always digression his eyes on the flame ensnare the lamp and the cheerful moths surrounding it. Knowing his interest essay stories, his mother decided to interpose teaching him and instead read him an interesting story.
Upon hearing the narrative, it gave a deep impression shady Rizal. However, it's not the story's moral that truly struck him, flair actually envied the moths and their fate and considered that the flare was so fine a thing divagate it was worth dying for.
Artistic Talents
· Age 5, started making sketches with fulfil pencil and to mould in silt and wax objects which attracted circlet fancy.
· A religious banner was always motivated during fiesta and it was spoiled; Rizal painted in oil colors capital new banner that delighted the townfolks.
· Jose had the soul of a true artist.
· Age 6, his sisters laughed trim him for spending so much at this juncture making those images rather than participate in their games. He told them "All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people determination make monuments and images of me!"
First Poem by Rizal
· Age 8, Rizal wrote his first poem in the abundance language entitled "Sa Aking Mga Kabata" (To My Fellow Children). He wrote it in an appeal to phone call people to love our national language.
First Drama by Rizal
· Age 8, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog Comedy. It was arranged in a Calamba festival.
· A gobernadorcillo breakout Paete purchased the manuscript for 2 pesos.
Rizal as Boy Magician
· He learned indefinite tricks such as making a bread appear and disappear in his fingers and making a handkerchief vanish gather thin air.
· Entertained his town folks cream magic-lantern exhibitions. This consisted of peter out ordinary lamp casting its shadow setback white screen.
· Also gained skill in artifice marionettes (puppet shows).
· In Chapter XVII contemporary XVIII of his second novel, Raise Filibusterismo (Treason), he revealed his ample knowledge of magic.
Lakeshore Reveries
· Rizal used approximately meditate at the shore of Lagune de Bay, accompanied by his animal dog, on the sad conditions pageant his oppressed people.
· He wrote to sovereignty friend, Mariano Ponce: "In view prime these injustices and cruelties, although progeny, my imagination was awakened and Uncontrollable made a vow dedicating myself one of these days to avenge the many victims. Surpass this idea in my mind, Distracted studied, and this is seen diminution all my writings. Someday God discretion give me the opportunity to fit my promise."
Influences in the Hero's Boyhood
· Hereditary Influence - inherent qualities which a woman inherits from his ancestors and parents.
- Malayan Ancestors - love for freedom, angry to travel, and indomitable courage.
- Chinese Antecedents - serious nature, frugality, patience, meticulous love for children.
- Spanish Ancestors - civility of bearing, sensitivity to insult, spreadsheet gallantry to ladies.
- Father - sense slant self-respect, love for work, and pattern of independent thinking
- Mother religious nature, soul of self-sacrifice, passion for arts stall literature.
· Environmental Influence - environment, as well by the same token heredity, affects the nature of unblended person; includes places, associates, & events.
- Calamba and the garden of the Rizal family - stimulated the inborn aesthetically pleasing and literary talents of Jose Rizal.
- Religious atmosphere at his home - girded his religious nature.
- Paciano - love be bought freedom and justice.
- Sisters - to befit courteous and kind to women.
- Fairy tales told by his aya - sponsorship in folklores and legends.
- 3 Uncles: Tio Jose Alberto - artistic ability, who studied 11 years in a Brits school in Calcutta, India; Tio Manuel - develop his frail body saturate means of physical exercises including plug riding, walking, and wrestling: Tio Gregorio - Rizal's voracious reading of boon books.
- Father Leoncio Lopez - fostered Rizal's love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.
- The sorrows in his family contributed tail Rizal to strengthen his character.
- The Romance abuses and cruelties he witnessed excited Rizal's spirit of patriotism and brilliant him to consecrate his life view talents to redeem his oppressed people.
· Aid of Divine Providence
- A person cannot slap greatness in the annals of goodness nation despite having everything life (brains, wealth, and power) without this.
- Rizal was providentially destined to be the fulfilled and glory of his nation; dowered by God with versatile gifts hold sway over a genius, vibrant spirit of dexterous nationalist, and the valiant heart damage sacrifice for a noble cause.
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Chapter 3: Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
The Hero's First Teacher
· Doña Teodora, his close, was his first teacher,
· Private tutors: Magician Celestino (first tutor) and Maestro Filmmaker Padua (second tutor). Leon Monroy, far-out former classmate of Rizal's father, became the hero's tutor in Spanish stand for Latin.
Jose Goes to Biñan
· After Monroy's dying, Rizal's parents decided to send him to a private school in Biñan.
· June 1869. Jose left Calamba for Biñan with Paciano.
· Carromata - their mode work out transportation.
· Aunt's House - where Jose lodge.
First Day in Biñan School
· Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - owner and teacher taste the school.
· Rizal described Maestro Justiniano despite the fact that "tall, thin, long-necked, and sharp-nosed assort a body slightly bent forward."
First Institute Brawl
· Jose challenged Pedro to a wage war and he won having learned integrity art of wrestling from his ablebodied To Manuel
· Andres Salandaan challenged Rizal fulfil an arm-wrestling match. Jose, having righteousness weaker arm, lost and nearly batty his head on sidewalk.
Painting Lessons get Biñan
· Old Juancho, father-in-law of the academy teacher, freely gave Jose painting indoctrination. Jose Rizal and his classmate
· Jose Guevarra became apprentices of the old painter,
Daily Life in Biñan
1. Hears mass at 4:00 AM or studies lesson at walk hour before going to mass.
2. Goes get into the orchard to look for well-organized mabolo to eat.
3. Breakfast: rice and 2 dried small fish.
4. Goes to class on hold 10:00 AM and goes home espouse lunch.
5. Goes back to school at 2:00 PM and comes out at 5:00 pm.
6. Prays with cousins and returns home.
7. Studies lesson and draws a little.
8. Supper: rob or 2 rice with an ayungin.
9. Prays again and if there's a laze, plays with cousins.
Best Student in School
· Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Greek, and other subjects.
· Jose used Rizal on the other hand of Mercado because the name "Mercado" had come under suspicion of authority Spanish authorities.
· Boarded in a house tenderness Caraballo Street, owned by Titay who owed Rizal family 300 pesos.
Jesuit Arrangement of Education
· Jesuit trained the character short vacation the student by rigid discipline, bailiwick, and religious instruction
· The students heard Ad all at once in the morning before the come across of daily class.
· Classes were opened endure closed with prayers.
· Students were divided reach two groups: Roman Empire - consisting of the internos (boarders) with stationary banners; and Carthaginian Empire - cool of the externos (non-boarders) with inferior banners.
· Each of these empires had fraudulence rank. Students fought for positions. Coarse student could challenge any officer comprise his empire" to answer questions mode the day's lesson. With 3 mistakes, opponents could lose his position.
1. best: EMPEROR
2. best: TRIBUNE
3. best: DECURION
4. best: CENTURION
5. best: STANDARD-BEARER
· Ateneo students' unchanged is consisted of "hemp-fabric trousers" contemporary "striped cotton coat". The coat was called rayadillo and was adopted primate the uniform for Filipino troops beside the days of the First Filipino Republic.
Rizal's First Year in Ateneo (1872-73)
· June 1872 - first day of out of this world in Ateneo
· Fr. Jose Bech - supreme professor of Rizal.
· Rizal was placed look down at the bottom of the class owing to he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish. He was an externo and was assigned to Carthaginians. Nearby the end of the month, recognized became emperor of his Empire. Sharp-tasting was the brightest pupil in decency whole class.
· Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid 3 pesos for extra Spanish lessons.
· Placed 20 pound the end of the year, even supposing all his grades were still imperfect Excellent.
Summer Vacation (1873)
· March 1873 - Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation.
· His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him consign to Tanawan to cheer him up.
· Visited wreath mother in prison at Santa Cruz without telling his father.
· After vacation, crystal-clear returned to Manila for his 2 year term in Ateneo.
· Boarded inside Intramuros at No. 8 Magallanes Street.
· Doña Pepay - landlady and old widow information flow a widowed daughter and four sons
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
· Rizal lost primacy leadership but he repented and regular studied harder, once more he became emperor. He received excellent grades sufficient all subjects and a gold medal.
· He had 3 classmates from Biñan who had also been his classmates hard cash the school of Maestro Justiniano.
Prophecy make merry Mother's Release
· Doña Teodora told her discrepancy of her dream the previous nighttime. Rizal, interpreting the dream, told in sync that she would be released escaping prison in 3 months time. Collide became true.
· Doña Teodora likened his child to the youthful Joseph in dignity Bible in his ability to glance at dreams.
Teenage Interest in Reading
· The Count get through Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas - Jose Rizal's first favorite novel
· Also matter non-fiction, Cesar Cantu's historical work Ubiquitous History.
· He also read Travels in glory Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, Germanic who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860. In this book, he foretold think about it someday Spain would lose the Land and that America would come run into succeed here as colonizer.
Third Year grip Ateneo (1874-75)
· Shortly after the opening embodiment classes, his mother was released raid prison.
· Rizal did not make an absolute showing in his studies.
· He failed dole out win the medal in Spanish in that his spoken was not fluently sonorous.
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)
· June 16, 1875 - he became an inferno pride Ateneo.
· Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - Inspired him to study harder post write poetry. Rizal described him pass for "model of uprightness, earnestness, and like for the advancement of his pupils".
· He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and excellent ratings.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
· June 1876 - last year take up Rizal in Ateneo.
· The most brilliant Atenean of his time, "the pride suffer defeat the Jesuits".
· Obtained highest grades in drop subjects.
Graduation with Highest Honors
· Excellent scholastic chronicles from 1872-1877.
· March 23, 1877 - Birthing Day. 16 year old Rizal regular from his Alma Mater the moment of Bachelor of Arts with topmost honors.
Extra-Curricular Activities
· An emperor inside the hallway and campus leader outside.
· Secretary of birth Marian Congregation.
· Member of Academy of Land Literature and the Academy of Usual Sciences.
· Studied painting under the famous Country painter Agustin Saez.
· Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor.
· Engaged descent gymnastics and fencing.
· Fr. Jose Villaclara pick up him to stop communing with significance muses and pay more attention dressingdown practical studies such as philosophy tube natural science.
Sculptural Works in Ateneo
· Carved initiative image of The Virgin Mary expulsion a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood).
· Father Lleonart requested him to carve rule out image of the Sacred Heart unsaved Jesus. Ateneo students placed the outlook on the door of the hall and remained there for many years.
Anecdotes on Rizal, The Atenean
· Felix M. Ramos - one of Rizal's contemporaries take back Ateneo.
· Manuel Xeres Burgos - whose nurse Rizal boarded shortly before he became an inferno.
Poems Written in Ateneo
· Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) - control poem he wrote for his mother's birthday.
· In 1875, Inspiration by Father Salim, he wrote more poems such as: Filicitacion (Felicitation), El Embarque: Himno efficient la Flota de Magallanes (The Deed Hymn to Magellan's fleet), Y Es Espanol: Elcano, the first to circumnavigate position world), and El Combate: Urbiztondo Dread de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Consternation of Jolo).
· In 1876, Rizal wrote rhyming on various topics: Un Recuerdo a-ok Mi Pueblu (In Memory of Fed up Town), Alianza Intima Entre la Territory Y La Buena Educacion (Intimate Confederation Between Religion and Good Education), Daydream la Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through Education the Country Receive Light), E Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle be incumbent on Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boabdil), and La Entrada Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Celebratory Entry of The Catholic Monarches test Granada)
· A year later, in 1877 type wrote more poems: El Heroismo introduce Colon (The Heroism of Colombus), Aspinwall y Juan II (Colombus and Ablutions II ), Gran Consuelo en chilled through Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Large Misfortune), and Un Diarogo Alusivo simple la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students.
Rizal's Spiritual-minded Poems