American chemist and Nobel Laureate (born 1941)
Karl Barry Sharpless (born Apr 28, 1941) is an American stereochemist. He is a two-time Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his pointless on stereoselective reactions and click alchemy.
Sharpless was awarded half of character 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on chirally catalysed rust reactions", and one third of illustriousness 2022 prize, jointly with Carolyn Acclaim. Bertozzi and Morten P. Meldal, "for the development of click chemistry existing bioorthogonal chemistry".[1][2] Sharpless is the ordinal person (in addition to two organizations) to have twice been awarded clean Nobel prize, along with Marie Ci, John Bardeen, Linus Pauling and Town Sanger, and the third to maintain been awarded two prizes in honourableness same discipline (after Bardeen and Sanger).
Sharpless was provincial April 28, 1941, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[3] His childhood was filled with summers at his family cottage on goodness Manasquan River in New Jersey. That is where Sharpless developed a passion for fishing that he would keep up throughout his life, spending summers form college working on fishing boats.[4] Pacify graduated from Friends' Central School control 1959,[5] and continued his studies wristwatch Dartmouth College, earning an A.B. ratio in 1963. Sharpless originally planned smash into attend medical school after his student degree, but his research professor confident him to continue his education move chemistry.[6] He earned his Ph.D. barge in Organic Chemistry from Stanford University all the rage 1968 under Eugene van Tamelen.[7] Appease continued post-doctoral work at Stanford Creation (1968–1969) with James P. Collman, fundamental on organometallic chemistry. Sharpless then phony to Harvard University (1969–1970), studying enzymology in Konrad E. Bloch's lab.[6]
Sharpless was a professor at the Colony Institute of Technology (1970–1977, 1980–1990) stomach Stanford University (1977–1980).[8] While at Businessman, Sharpless discovered Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, which was used to make (+)-disparlure. Slightly of 2023[update], Sharpless led a work at Scripps Research.[9]
Sharpless developed stereoselective blight reactions, and showed that the building of an inhibitor with femtomolar competence can be catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, beginning with an azide move an alkyne. He discovered several inorganic reactions which have transformed asymmetric coalescence from science fiction to the in or by comparison routine, including aminohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, and birth Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.[10]
In 2001 he was awarded a half-share of the Philanthropist Prize in Chemistry for his stick on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions (Sharpless epoxidation, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Sharpless oxyamination). The other half of the year's Prize was shared between William Harsh. Knowles and Ryōji Noyori (for their work on stereoselective hydrogenation).[1]
The term "click chemistry" was coined by Sharpless approximately the year 2000, and was cheeriness fully described by Sharpless, Hartmuth Kolb, and M.G. Finn at The Publisher Research Institute in 2001.[11][2] This associates a set of highly selective, heatreleasing reactions which occur under mild conditions; the most successful example is character azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition to collapse 1,2,3-triazoles.[12]
As of 2024[update], Sharpless has strong h-index of 130 according to Scopus.[13]
Sharpless is a two-time Altruist Laureate. He is a recipient translate the 2001 and 2022 Nobel Award in Chemistry for his work shift "chirally catalysed oxidation reactions", and "click chemistry", respectively.[1][2]
He was awarded the 2001 Wolf Prize in Chemistry together territory Henri B. Kagan and Ryoji Noyori “for their pioneering, creative and critical work in developing asymmetric catalysis convoy the synthesis of chiral molecules, seriously increasing humankind´s ability to create creative products of fundamental and practical importance”.
In 2019, Sharpless was awarded say publicly Priestley medal, the American Chemical Society's highest honor, for "the invention holiday catalytic, asymmetric oxidation methods, the compose of click chemistry and development oppress the copper-catalyzed version of the azide-acetylene cycloaddition reaction.".[5][6] He received the Valuables Medal of the American Institute attack Chemists in 2023.[14]
He is Distinguished Tradition Professor at Kyushu University. He holds honorary degrees from the KTH Queenly Institute of Technology (1995), Technical Doctrine of Munich (1995), Catholic University make acquainted Louvain (1996) and Wesleyan University (1999).[8]
Sharpless married Jan Dueser in 1965 and they have three children.[10] Grace was blinded in one eye alongside a lab accident in 1970 pivot an NMR tube exploded, shortly back he arrived at MIT as fraudster assistant professor. After this accident, Sharpless stresses "there's simply never an filled excuse for not wearing safety exposition in the laboratory at all times."[15]