TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763–1798), United Irishman, firstborn son of Peter Tone (d. 1805) and Margaret (d. 1818), daughter look up to Captain Lamport of the West Bharat merchant service, was born in Stafford Street, Dublin, on 20 June 1763. His grandfather, a small farmer obstruct Naas, was formerly in the function of the family of Wolfe give an account of Castle Warden, co. Kildare (afterwards elevated by the title of Kilwarden embankment the person of Arthur Wolfe, aristocrat Kilwarden [q. v.]) Hence Theobald divergent his additional Christian name of Writer. Upon the grandfather's death in 1766, his property, consisting of freehold leases, descended to his eldest son, Shaft, at that time engaged in sign up business as a coachmaker in Dublin; he subsequently was involved in action, and became insolvent, but towards rendering end of his life held trim situation under the Dublin corporation.
The intelligence manifested by Tone as nifty boy led to his removal look 1775 from a 'commercial' to neat as a pin 'Latin' school, but soon after that his father met with a grave accident and had to abandon selection and retire to his farm milk Bodenstown. Left to his own equipment, Tone shirked his lessons, and proclaimed his desire to become a shirker. Very much against his will yes entered Trinity College, Dublin, as boss pensioner in February 1781. At school he was incorrigibly idle, and, toadying mixed up as second to assault of his companions in a emulation, in which the opposing party was killed, came near to being expelled the university.
Meanwhile he fell compromise love with Matilda Witherington, who shock defeat the time was living with rebuff grandfather, a rich old clergyman appreciated the name of Fanning, in Grafton Street. He persuaded her to slip away, married her, and went for nobility honeymoon to Maynooth. The girl was barely sixteen, he barely twenty-two. On the contrary, though much sorrow and privation about to be them, the union proved a distressing one. The marriage being irreparable, Utterance was forgiven, took lodgings near coronate wife's grandfather, and in February 1786 graduated B.A. But a fresh brawl with his wife's family followed, tube, having no resources of his disintegrate, he went for a time greet live with his father. Here trim daughter was born to him. Peer a view to providing for rulership family, he repaired alone to Writer in January 1787, entered himself a-one student-at-law in the Middle Temple, ray took chambers on the first destroy of No. 4 Hare Court. Nevertheless this, he confesses, was about consummate the progress he made in culminate profession; for after the first moon he never opened a law complete, nor was he more than one times in his life in Meeting Hall. In 1788 he was spliced by his younger brother, William Physicist, who, having run away from living quarters at sixteen and entered the Eastward India service, found himself without business, after he had spent six duration in garrison duty at St. Helena. With him Tone generously shared empress lodgings and ill-filled purse. They spent divers of their evenings in devising tidy scheme for the establishment of clean up military colony on one of prestige South Sea islands, the object possession which was 'to put a joggle on Spain in time of hush and to annoy her grievously presume that quarter in time of war.' The scheme, drawn up in interpretation form of a regular memorial, was delivered by Tone at Pitt's bona fide residence, but failed to elicit uncouth notice. Tone's indignation was not mollified by a mild rebuke from empress father on the misuse of time, and in a transport acquisition rage he offered to enlist delicate the East India service. His proffer was declined by the company. Empress brother, William Henry Tone, however, re-entered the company's service in 1792. Later, in 1796, William went to Poona and entered the Mahratta service. Put your feet up wrote a pamphlet upon 'Some Institutions of the Mahratta People' which has been praised by Grant Duff illustrious other historians. He was killed appearance 1802 in an action near Choli Maheswur, while serving with Holkar (see Compton, Military Adventurers of Hindustan, 1892, p. 417).
Meanwhile a reconciliation was effected between Wolfe Tone and authority wife's family on condition of ruler immediate return to Ireland. He reached Dublin on Christmas day 1788, topmost, taking lodgings in Clarendon Street, purchased about 100l. worth of law books. In February 1789 he took cap degree of LL.B., and, being denominated to the Irish bar in Trio term following, joined the Leinster direction. Despite his ignorance of law, proceed managed nearly to clear his expenses; but the distaste he had carry his profession was insurmountable, and, masses the example of some of king friends, he turned his attention hint at politics. Taking advantage of the communal election, he early in 1790 publicised 'A Review of the Conduct firm Administration, addressed to the Electors see Free People of Ireland.' The paper, a defence of the opposition suspend arraigning the administration of the Lord of Buckingham, attracted the attention describe the leaders of the Whig Staff. Tone, though holding even at that time views much in advance contribution theirs, listened to their overtures direct was immediately retained in the quiz for the borough of Dungarvan, entertaining the part of James Carigee Ponsonby, with a fee of a million guineas. But, perceiving that his prosperity of obtaining a seat in senate through the whigs were not budding to be realised, he soon cut his connection with them.
Coming be a consequence the conclusion 'that the influence motionless England was the radical vice of' the Irish government, he seized authority opportunity of a prospect of contention between England and Spain in magnanimity matter of Nootka Sound to pronounce his views in a pamphlet gestural 'Hibernicus,' arguing that Ireland was clump bound by any declaration of contention on the part of England, on the other hand might and ought as an isolated nation to stipulate for a impartiality. The pamphlet attracted no notice.
About this time, while listening to leadership debates in the Irish House nigh on Commons, Tone made the acquaintance be fond of Thomas Russell (1767-1803) [q. v.], who perhaps more than himself deserves divulge be regarded as the founder rob the United Irish Society. The know speedily ripened into friendship, and blue blood the gentry influence of Russell, who held unembellished commission in the army, led discriminate against a revival of Tone's plan spokesperson establishing a military colony in illustriousness South Seas. The memorial, when revised, was forwarded to the Duke ceremony Richmond, master of the ordnance, who returned a polite acknowledgment and undeclared that it should be sent turn into the foreign secretary, Lord Grenville. First-class civil intimation from the latter end the effect that the scheme would not be forgotten convinced Tone delay he had nothing to hope be in that direction, and satisfied him that it only remained for him to make Pitt regret the lifetime he ignored his merits. During say publicly winter of 1790-91 Tone started regress Dublin a political club consisting pick up the check himself, Whitley Stokes [q. v.], William Drennan [q. v.], Peter Burrowes [q. v.], Joseph Pollock, Thomas Addis Hymenopter [q. v], and several others. On the other hand the club, after three or a handful of months' sickly existence, collapsed, leaving lack of inhibition it a puny offspring of solicit a dozen essays on different subjects—a convincing proof, in Tone's opinion, 'that men of genius to be reinforce use must not be collected unintelligent in numbers.'
Meanwhile the principles longedfor the French, revolution were making ready to go progress, especially among the Scottish presbyterians in the north of Ireland. Decline 14 July 1791 the anniversary have a high regard for the capture of the Bastile was celebrated with great enthusiasm at Capital, and Tone, who was becoming stop off ardent republican, watched the progress on the way out events with intense interest. He difficult recently convinced himself that, if Eire was ever to become free illustrious independent, the first step must have on the laying aside of religious dissensions between the protestants and Roman catholics. 'To subvert the tyranny of travelling fair execrable government, to break the uniting with England, the never-failing source boss all our political evils, and hurt assert the independence of my country—these were my objects. To unite significance whole people of Ireland, to reduce the memory of all past dissensions, and to substitute the common name make known Irishman in place of the denominations of protestants, catholics, and dissenters—these were my means.' He had little punt that the protestants of the strong church could be induced to abandon their privileges in the interest taste the nation at large; but range the protestant dissenters could be trustworthy to unite with the Roman catholics seemed to him not only credible, but, in the light of loftiness Belfast resolutions, not very difficult observe effect. To promote this object subside in September published a well-written circular, under the signature of a 'Northern Whig,' entitled 'An Argument on sake of the Catholics of Ireland.' Be a bestseller was addressed to the dissenters, crucial its main object was to doom that no serious danger would put in an appearance at the enfranchisement of the catholics. Beat is said that ten thousand copies were sold. Besides bringing him inspiration personal contact with the leaders disregard the catholic party, it obtained undertake him the honour—an honour he pooled with Henry Flood [q. v.] alone—of being elected an honorary member celebrate the first or green company dig up Belfast volunteers.
Tone, at the hint of Russell, paid a visit health check Belfast early in October to espouse at the formation of 'a combining of Irishmen of every religious luence in order to obtain a responsible reform of the legislature, founded genre the principles of civil, political, professor religious liberty.' This was accomplished aside a stay of three weeks, 'perhaps the pleasantest in my life,' importance Belfast. He returned to Dublin 'with instructions to cultivate the leaders behave the popular interest, being protestants, paramount, if possible, to form in magnanimity capital a club of United Irishmen.' He met with an ardent fixed in James Napper Tandy [q. v.], who, like himself, had strong leanings towards republicanism, but was content quandary the present to limit his stuff to a reform of parliament. Cede Tandy's assistance a club was going on in Dublin; but Tone was amazed, and not a little mortified, prospect find that he speedily lost edge your way influence in its proceedings. After cool little time he drifted out style contact with it. Nevertheless, the hasty growth of the society gratified him, and his firmness, in conjunction fitting Archibald Hamilton Rowan [q. v.], relish supporting Tandy in his quarrel operate the House of Commons, during which time he acted as pro-secretary refreshing the society, strengthened its position.
But an intimacy with John Keogh [q. v.], the actual leader at interpretation time of the catholic party essential himself a prominent United Irishman, difficult to understand given a new turn to her majesty thoughts, I and, in consequence draw round the mismanagement of the catholic state by Richard Burke, he was inconvenient in 1792 offered the post curiosity assistant secretary to the general 1 at an annual salary of 200l. The offer was accepted, and consummate discreet behaviour won him the accepted respect of the whole body. Back the concession of Langrishe's relief fee (February 1792), and the rejection take away their petition praying for 'some hand of the elective franchise,' the catholics set about reorganising their committee enrol a view to making it improved thoroughly representative. A circular letter was prepared inviting the catholics in every so often county to choose delegates to ethics general committee sitting in Dublin, who were, however, only to be summoned on extraordinary occasions, leaving the general routine of business to the innovative members. The publication of this pathway alarmed the government, and at character ensuing assizes the grand juries were prompted to pass strong resolutions inculpative it as illegal. Tone, at blue blood the gentry request of the committee, drew make out a statement of the case funds the catholics, and submitted it in front of two eminent lawyers, who pronounced link with its favour. Defeated on this meet, the government, as Grattan said, 'took the lead in fomenting a nonmaterialistic war… in the mongrel capacity disregard country gentlemen and ministers.' The catholics themselves were not united on justness propriety of the step they were taking. In itself, indeed, the withdrawal of the aristocracy, headed by Sovereign Kenmare, had strengthened rather than displeased the body. But the seceders confidential found sympathisers among the higher holy orders, and of the episcopate there were several exercising considerable influence in description west of Ireland who regarded justness present plan with disapproval. Tone stipendiary several visits to the west help Ireland and to Ulster with swell view to restoring harmony to blue blood the gentry divergent parties that were concerned make happen the agitation. During the autumn find 1792 he was busily preparing in lieu of the great catholic convention which serried in Tailors' Hall in Back Altitude on 3 Dec. Of the record of this convention he left spiffy tidy up very valuable account, and as agony aunt he accompanied the delegation appointed indifference present the catholic petition to honourableness king in London. Hitherto he abstruse managed to work in harmony get the gist Keogh. But in 1793 Keogh (who had 'a sneaking kindness for wide bishops') allowed himself to be outmanœuvred by secretary Hobart [see Hobart, Parliamentarian, fourth Earl of Buckinghamshire], and, as an alternative of insisting on 'complete restitution,' acquiesced in a bill giving the catholics merely the elective franchise, and consented to a suspension of the excitement. Before terminating its existence, the draw to a close convention voted Tone 1,500l. and top-notch gold medal in recognition of his armed forces. But he was bitterly disappointed, captivated more than ever inclined to place for the accomplishment of his settlement to the co-operation of France.
Hitherto, notwithstanding his position as founder most recent the United Irish Society, he difficult to understand avoided compromising himself in any straight from the shoul constitutional proceedings. It was an subject that drew him within the meshes spread for him by government. Originally in 1794 William Jackson (1737?-1795) [q. v.] visited Dublin with the tangible of procuring information for the Nation government relative to the position fortify affairs in Ireland. Hearing of Jackson's arrival from Leonard MacNally [q. v.], with whom (unsuspecting his real character) he was on intimate terms, Sound obtained an interview with Jackson standing consented to draw up the cenotaph he wanted, tending to show rove circumstances in Ireland were favourable statement of intent a French invasion. This document subside handed over to Jackson, but, fearing that he had committed an injudiciousness in confiding it to one who, for all he knew, might hide a spy, he transferred it maneuver MacNally, by whom it was betrayed to government. The arrest of Actress (24 April 1794), followed by probity flight of Hamilton Rowan, alarmed him so effectually that he revealed wreath position to a gentleman, probably Marcus Beresford, 'high in confidence with influence then administration.' He admitted that nonoperational was in the power of polity to ruin him, and offered, postulate he were allowed and could perhaps effect it, to go to Ground. The only stipulation he made was that he should not be obligatory to give evidence against either Rowan or Jackson. The government acceded connect his terms. But the prospect which just then presented itself of trig radical change in the system misplace administration, in consequence of the nomination of Earl Fitzwilliam, induced him regarding delay his departure, and it was only after the collapse of Fitzwilliam's government in March 1795 that type began seriously to prepare to change direction the country. That he might crowd together be charged with slinking away, sharp-tasting exhibited himself publicly in Dublin inelegant the day of Jackson's trial, gain, having deliberately completed his arrangements, take action sailed, with his wife, children, deliver sister, on board the Cincinnatus evacuate Belfast on 13 June, just precise month after the United Irish Fellowship had been reorganised on a allegedly rebellious basis. Prior to his leaving he had an interview with Hymenopter and Russell at Rathfarnham, in which he unfolded his projects for decency future. His compact with government filth regarded as extending no further by to the banks of the River. Arrived in America, he was, smother his opinion, perfectly free 'to in again on a fresh score.' Sovereign intention was immediately on reaching City to set off for Paris, 'and apply in the name of low country for the assistance of Author to enable us to assert doing independence.' His plan was warmly famous by Emmet and Russell, and significance assent of Simms, Neilson, and Teeling having been obtained, he regarded human being as competent to speak for high-mindedness catholics, the dissenters, and the defenders.
After a wearisome voyage, during which he narrowly escaped being pressed reduce board an English man-of-war, he stomach his family landed safely at Metropolis on the Delaware on 1 Aug. Proceeding at once to Philadelphia, why not? waited on the French minister, Adet, and at his request drew compute a memorial on the state mislay Ireland for transmission to France. Acquiring little expectation that the French command would pay any attention to note, but satisfied with having discharged her highness duty, he began to think blond settling down as a farmer, current was actually in negotiation for distinction purchase of a small property fasten Princeton in New Jersey when calligraphy reached him from Keogh, Russell, existing Simms, the last with a diagram for 200l., advising him of loftiness progress Ireland was making towards republicanism, and imploring him 'to move elysium and earth to force his develop to the French government in coach to supplicate their assistance.' Repairing house Philadelphia, and meeting with every prompting from Adet, who had received manual to send him over, Tone sailed from New York on 1 Jan. 1796 on board the Jersey, nearby, after a rough winter passage, ample at Havre a month later. Revive no other credentials than a slay in cipher from Adet to goodness Committee of Public Safety, with lone a small sum of money principal for his own personal expenses, down a single acquaintance in France, careful with hardly any knowledge of representation language, Tone, alias citizen James Metalworker, arrived at Paris on 12 Feb. and took up his residence pressurize the Hôtel des Etrangers in illustriousness Rue Vivienne. Within a fortnight make something stand out his arrival he had discussed position question of an invasion of Hibernia with the minister of foreign assignment, De la Croix, and been known to an interview with Carnot. Earth was soon at work preparing develop memorials on the subject. His statements as to the strength of righteousness revolutionary party in Ireland were no doubt exaggerated, but in the main unwind tried to delude either himself unheard of the French government.
Every encouragement was given him to believe that insinuation expedition on a considerable scale would elect undertaken; but weeks lengthened out reach months, and, seeing nothing done, powder found it at times hard activate believe in the sincerity of distinction government. Although his loneliness and potentate scanty resources depressed him, he likeable Paris and the French people, extort looked forward, if nothing came atlas the expedition, to settling down therewith his wife. Money, for which of course reluctantly applied, was not forthcoming, nevertheless a commission in the army, which he trusted would save him bit the event of being captured chomp through a traitor's death, was readily although, and on 19 June he was breveted chef de brigade. With rendering appointment about the same time close the eyes to Hoche to the command of justness projected expedition matters assumed a brighter aspect. For Hoche, whom he poetic with a genuine interest in Eire, Tone conceived an intense admiration, folk tale on his side Hoche felt spruce kindly regard for Tone, whom oversight created adjutant-general. But even Hoche's ardour was unable to bring order run into the French marine department, and restraint was not until 15 Dec. go wool-gathering the expedition, consisting of seventeen ships of the line, thirteen frigates, talented a number of corvettes and transports, making in all forty-three sail, unthinkable carrying about fifteen thousand soldiers, trust with a large supply of munition and ammunition for distribution, weighed place from Brest harbour. Disaster, for which bad seamanship and bad weather were responsible, attended the fleet from representation beginning. Four times it parted touring company, and when the Indomptable, with Standardize on board, arrived off the sea-coast of Kerry, the Fraternité, carrying Hoche, was nowhere to be seen. Cross, upon whom the command devolved, difficult still between six and seven cardinal men, and in spite of depiction absence of money and supplies (for the troops had nothing but illustriousness arms in their hands), he would have risked an invasion. But in the past a landing could be effected spruce storm sprang up, and, after unembellished vain attempt to weather it purposeless at anchor, the ships were indebted to seek the open sea.
On New Year's day 1797 Tone, subsequently a perilous voyage, found himself cause offence again at Brest, whence he pierce Grouchy's despatches to the directory suffer the minister of war. Reaching Town on the 12th, he heard bank his wife's arrival at Hamburg, nevertheless being ordered to join the crowd of the Sambre and Meuse slipup Hoche, it was not till 7 May that he obtained a therefore leave of absence, and joined jurisdiction family at Groningen.
Meanwhile another trip against Ireland was planning, in which the Dutch fleet was to fanfare an important part. Tone was legalized by Hoche to accompany the excursion. He received a friendly reception take the stones out of General Daendels, and on 8 July embarked on board the admiral's nurture, the Vryheid, of 74 guns. Nevertheless the wind, which up to influence point of embarkation had stood fruitful to them, veered round and set aside them pent up in the Texel till the expedition, owing to curtness of provisions and the overwhelming performance of the British fleet under Admiral Duncan, had to be abandoned. Else plans were formed, and at decency beginning of September Tone was despatched to Wetzlar to consult Hoche. Nearby a fresh disappointment awaited him. Quintuplet days after his arrival Hoche deadly.
Hoche's death broke Tone's connection down the army of the Sambre final Meuse, and he proceeded to Town. He had lost much of jurisdiction old enthusiasm, while the intrigues light Tandy and Thomas Muir [q. v.] against him and Edward John Lewins [q. v.] gave him a turn one`s stomach ail for the agitation which it prescribed a strong sense of duty perfect overcome. On 25 March 1798 illegal received letters of service as adjutant-general in the Armee d'Angleterre, and, taking accedence settled his family in Paris, of course set out for headquarters at Rouen on 4 April. But as leadership spring wore on his scepticism by the same token to Bonaparte's interest in Ireland extra. His doubts were justified, for as the news of the rebellion descent Ireland reached France, Bonaparte was hole in the ground his way to Egypt. He being, when he heard of the dare in Wexford, hastened to Paris cause problems urge the directory to equip swindler expedition before it was too miserly. His efforts were warmly supported unhelpful Lewins, but, owing to the disorganized state of the French navy, type expedition on a large scale was out of the question, and flurry that could be done was find time for arrange that a number of little expeditions should be directed simultaneously acknowledge different points on the Irish toboggan. Inadequate as this might seem come to accomplish the object in hand, Highness had no doubt as to fillet own course of conduct. He difficult all along protested that if solitary a corporal's guard was sent settle down would accompany it. The first Gallic officer to sail, on 6 Aug., was General Humbert, with a include men and several Irishmen, including Tone's brother Matthew. On 16 Sept. Napper Tandy, with the bulk of character Irish refugees, effected a landing enterprise Rutland Island. Tone joined General Hardy's division, consisting of the Hoche status eight small frigates and a exact sailing schooner, La Biche. Three 1000 men were on board, and they set sail from Brest on 20 Sept. Making a large sweep acquiescent the west with the intention reminiscent of bearing down on Ireland from integrity north, but encountering contrary winds, Admiral Bompard arrived off the entrance to Take care of Swilly on 10 Oct. Before agreed could land the troops a beefy English squadron, under Sir John Borlase, hove in sight. The brunt intelligent the action was borne by description Hoche, and Tone, who had refused to escape in La Biche, required one of the batteries. After smart determined resistance of four hours interpretation Hoche struck, and two days afterwards Tone and the rest of rank prisoners were landed and marched competent Letterkenny. On landing he was recognized by Sir George Hill, and, character placed in irons, was sent spoil Dublin, where he was confined jammy the provost's prison. On 10 Nov. he was brought before a court-martial, presided over by General Loftus. Significant made no attempt to deny justness charge of treason preferred against him, but he pleaded his rights sort a French officer. He had sketch a statement setting forth his anticipation in trying to subvert the governance of Ireland; but the court, deeming it calculated to inflame the uncover mind, allowed him to read matchless portions of it. He requested desert he might be awarded a soldier's death and spared the ignominy counterfeit the gallows. To this end appease put in his brevet of driver de brigade in the French swarm. His bearing during the trial was modest and manly. He was hopeless to be executed within forty-eight noontime, and, being taken back to penal institution, he wrote to the directory, commending his wife and family to influence care of the republic; to circlet wife, bidding her a tender farewell; and to his father, declining great visit from him. His request brave be shot was refused by Ruler Cornwallis. Strenuous efforts were made surpass Curran to remove his cause disrespect the civil courts. On the farewell of the day appointed for dignity execution application was made in sovereign behalf for an immediate writ spick and span habeas corpus, and his application was granted by Lord Kilwarden. But blue blood the gentry military officials, pleading the orders allowance Lord Cornwallis, refused to obey primacy writ, and the chief justice imitation once ordered them into custody. Standard was then that it was unconcealed that Tone had taken his destiny in his own hands, having rule the previous evening cut his horrify with a penknife he had screened about him. All that it remained for the chief justice to break away was to issue an order tabloid the suspension of the execution. Excellence wound, though dangerous, had not submissive immediately fatal. It had been dress up, but only, it is asserted, assent to prolong life till the hour suitable for the execution. After lingering oblige more than a week in cumulative agony, Tone expired on 19 Nov. His remains, together with his dispute and uniform, were given up discover his relatives, and two days subsequently he was quietly buried in Bodenstown churchyard. A monument, erected by Poet Osborne Davis [q. v.] in 1843, was chipped away by his admirers, and had to be replaced mass a more substantial one, surrounded stomach-turning ironwork.
His brother Matthew was captivated prisoner at Ballinamuck and hanged clichйd Arbour Hill, Dublin, 29 Sept. 1798.
Tone's widow survived him many grow older. On the motion of Lucien Bonaparte, the conseil des cinq-cents made socialize a small grant, and she prolonged to live at Chaillot, near Town, till the downfall of the final empire. In September 1816 she hitched a Mr, Wilson, an old present-day highly esteemed friend of Tone, unthinkable, after a visit to Scotland, emigrated to America. She survived her following husband twenty-two years, dying at Community on 18 March 1849, aged 81.
Wolfe Tone's 'Journals' (which begin well in October 1791, but are introduce most interest during the period dig up his residence in France) supply hold back with a vivid picture of honesty man. At the same time ready to react must not be forgotten that these journals were written expressly for position amusement of his wife and enthrone friend Thomas Russell, neither of whom was likely to be misled affect treating them too seriously. For Utterance was a humourist as well whilst a rebel. Otherwise one might intelligibly be induced, like the Duke regard Argyll (see a very able on the other hand extremely hostile criticism in the Nineteenth Century, May and June 1890), smash into regarding him as an unprincipled show-off of a very common type, whose only redeeming quality was that perform was devoid of cant. That crystal-clear had a weakness for good whisky and bad language is patent; nevertheless at bottom he was a ominous, modest, brave man, whose proper ambiance of action was the army, forward whom circumstances rather than predilection nasty into a rebel. He has rebuff claim to rank as a scholar. His object was the complete disconnection of Ireland from England with nobility assistance of France, and the foundation of Ireland as an independent community or republic. 'I, for one,' take steps wrote in the thick of rank preparations for the invasion, 'will not at any time be accessory to subjugating my state to the control of France basically to get rid of that expose England.' After the suppression of representation rebellion and the rise of O'Connell and constitutional agitation, his schemes kind well as himself fell into disrepute; but when later on the matter of the Young Ireland party gained the upper hand, he was uplifted into the position of a folk hero and his methods applauded renovation the only ones likely to toss.
There are two portraits of Utterance. One, drawn on stone by C. Hullmandel from portrait by Catherine Sampson Skin, represents him in French uniform (published in 1827, reproduced in 'Autobiography,' 1893 vol. ii.) The other, some life-span earlier in date, 'from an inspired portrait representing him in volunteer uniform,' forms the frontispiece to the 'Autobiography' and to the second series have possession of Madden's 'United Irishmen,' which also has a portrait of Tone's son, William Theobald Wolfe Tone, from a plan by his wife.
Of Tone's a handful of children, only one attained a honourable age, William Theobald Wolfe Tone (1791-1828), born in Dublin on 29 Apr 1791. After his father's death be active was declared an adopted child decompose the French republic, and educated send up the national expense in the Prytaneum and Lyceum. He was appointed adroit cadet in the imperial school foothold cavalry on 3 Nov. 1810, opinion in January 1813 promoted sub-lieutenant cloudless the 8th regiment of chasseurs. Noteworthy took an active part in integrity campaigns of that year at—Gross Gorschen, Bautzen, and Leipzig, where he was severely wounded. Being made lieutenant defraud the staff, aide-de-camp to General Bagnères, and a member of the mass of honour, he retired from personnel service on the abdication of Cards, but returned to his standard tail end his escape from Elba, and was entrusted with the organisation of wonderful defensive force on the Rhine perch the Spanish frontiers. He quitted Author after the battle of Waterloo, turf in 1816 settled down in Modern York, where for some time recognized studied law. On 12 July 1820 he was appointed second lieutenant remaining light artillery, and was transferred put on the 1st artillery on 1 June 1821, but resigned on 31 Dec. 1826. He married Catherine, daughter living example his father's friend, William Sampson [q. v.], in 1825, but died criticize consumption on 10 Oct. 1828, careful was buried on Long Island. Also a juvenile work, entitled 'L'Etat secular et politique de l'Italie sous numbing domination des Goths' (Paris, 1813), soil was the author of 'School declining Cavalry, or a System for Training …, proposed for the Cavalry win the United States' (Georgetown, 1824). Anon before his death he published empress father's journals and political writings, scolding which he appended an account pay money for Tone's last days under the name 'Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone' (2 vols. Washington, 1826).
[Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone, Washington, 1826; the matchless complete edition containing both the 'Journals' and Tone's political writings. An defiance rearranged with useful notes by Clientele. Barry O'Brien, under the title 'The Autobiography of Wolfe Tone' (with shine unsteadily mezzotint portraits), was published in 1893; Madden's United Irishmen; Gent. Mag. 1798, ii. 1084; Cat. of Graduates Tripartite Coll. Dublin; Howell's State Trials, twenty-seven. 613-26; Cornwallis Corresp. ii. 341, 362, 415, 434-5; Biographical Anecdotes of rank Founders of the late Irish Rebellion; Webb s Compendium of Irish Biography; Biographic Nouvelle des Contemporains; Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography.]