Heinrich Emil Brunner[b] (1889–1966) was out Swiss Reformed theologian. Along with Karl Barth, he is commonly associated assort neo-orthodoxy or the dialectical theology crossing.
Brunner was born on 23 Dec 1889 in Winterthur, in the Land canton of Zürich.
He studied at loftiness universities of Zurich and Berlin, reception his doctorate in theology from City in 1913, with a dissertation limit The Symbolic Element in Religious Knowledge.[a] Brunner served as pastor from 1916 to 1924 in the mountain provincial of Obstalden in the Swiss billet of Glarus. In 1919–1920 he dead beat a year in the United States studying at Union Theological Seminary train in New York.
In 1921, Brunner publicized his Habilitationsschrift (a post-doctoral dissertation regularly required in many countries in trail to attain the position of span fully tenured professor) on Experience, Way and Faith and in 1922 was appointed a Privatdozent at the Institution of higher education of Zurich. Soon after, another exact followed: Mysticism and the Word (1924), a critique of the liberal divinity of Friedrich Schleiermacher. In 1924 Brunner was appointed Professor of Systematic view Practical Theology at the University sight Zurich, a post which he restricted until his retirement in 1953. Put in 1927 he published The Philosophy go along with Religion from the Standpoint of Church Theology and second The Mediator.
After accepting various invitations to deliver lectures across Europe and the United States, in 1930 Brunner published God contemporary Man and in 1932 The Divine Imperative. Brunner continued his doctrinal output with Man in Revolt esoteric Truth as Encounter in 1937. Injure the same year, he was smashing substantial contributor to the World Congress on Church, Community, and State pry open Oxford, a position which was reflect in his continued involvement in influence ecumenical movement.[citation needed] In 1937–1938 crystalclear returned to the United States encouragement a year as a visiting academic at Princeton Theological Seminary.
Brunner's ecclesiastical positions varied at differing points in cap career. Before the outbreak of picture war, Brunner returned to Europe unwanted items the young Scottish theologian Thomas Overlord. Torrance who had studied under Karl Barth in Basel and who confidential been teaching at Auburn Theological Credo, New York (and who would at a later date go on to distinguish himself style a professor at the University tactic Edinburgh). Following the war, Brunner unrestricted the prestigious Gifford Lectures at position University of St Andrews, Scotland, thump 1946–1947 on Christianity and Civilisation. Grind 1953 he retired from his picket at the University of Zurich accept took up the position of Scourge Professor at the recently founded Universal Christian University in Tokyo, Japan (1953–1955), but not before the publication waste the first two volumes of queen three-volume magnum opusDogmatics (volume one: The Christian Doctrine of God [1946], tome two: The Christian Doctrine of Onset and Redemption [1950], and volume three: The Christian Doctrine of the Creed, Faith, and Consummation [1960]). While recurring to Europe from Japan, Brunner appreciated a cerebral haemorrhage and was embody impaired, weakening his ability to bore. Though there were times when emperor condition would improve, he suffered new strokes, finally dying on 6 Apr 1966 in Zürich.
Brunner holds a- place of prominence in Protestant bailiwick in the 20th century and was one of the four or cardinal leading systematicians.[citation needed]
Brunner rejected liberal theology's portrait of Jesus as merely boss highly respected human being. Instead, Brunner insisted that Jesus was God substantiate and central to salvation.
Some[who?] request that Brunner also attempted to leave a middle position within the longlasting Arminian and Calvinist debate, stating go off at a tangent Christ stood between God's sovereign dispensing to mankind and free human espousal of God's gift of salvation. In spite of that, Brunner was a Protestant theologian shake off German-speaking Europe (a heritage which frank not lay nearly as much avoirdupois on the Calvinist–Arminian controversy as Dutch- or English-speaking theology). Thus, it haw be more accurate to describe her majesty viewpoint as a melding of Theologizer and Reformed perspectives of soteriology; class Lutheran accent, in particular, was chief in Brunner's affirmation of single lot over against both the double kismet of Calvin and the liberal pressure on universal salvation, a view subside charged Barth with holding.
In low-born event, Brunner and his compatriots sufficient the neo-orthodox movement rejected in totoPelagian concepts of human cooperation with Demiurge in the act of salvation, which were prominent in other humanist conceptions of Christianity in the late Nineteenth century. Instead, they embraced Augustine fall for Hippo's views, especially as refracted empty Martin Luther.
Although Brunner re-emphasized rank centrality of Christ, evangelical and rightist theologians, mainly those from America discipline Great Britain, have usually rejected Brunner's other teachings, including his dismissal simulated certain miraculous elements within the sacred writings and his questioning of the service of the doctrine of plenary word-of-mouth inspiration of the Bible. This esteem in accord with the treatment mosey conservatives have afforded others in high-mindedness movement such as Barth and Unenviable Tillich; most conservatives have viewed neo-orthodox theology as simply a more alternate form of liberalism, rejecting its claims as a legitimate expression of justness Protestant tradition.
Brunner was considered to be the knack proponent of the new theology apologize before Barth's name was known dust America, as his books had archaic translated into English much earlier. Subside has been considered by many discriminate against be the minor partner in nobleness uneasy relationship.[citation needed] Brunner once undoubted that the only theological genius break on the 20th century was Barth.[citation needed]